{"id":281,"date":"2014-09-25T19:45:42","date_gmt":"2014-09-25T19:45:42","guid":{"rendered":"\/?page_id=281"},"modified":"2018-06-15T08:55:32","modified_gmt":"2018-06-15T07:55:32","slug":"zrakove-vady","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.vidum.cz\/index.php\/zrakove-vady\/","title":{"rendered":"Zrakov\u00e9 vady"},"content":{"rendered":"

[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

Charakteristika z\u00e1kladn\u00edch o\u010dn\u00edch vad<\/h3>\n
\n

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Oko je optick\u00fd syst\u00e9m velmi podobn\u00fd fotografick\u00e9mu p\u0159\u00edstroji. Pr\u016fhledn\u00e1 rohovka, kter\u00e1 tvo\u0159\u00ed p\u0159edn\u00ed plochu oka, je hlavn\u00ed lomivou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed tohoto optick\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu. Dal\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed optick\u00e9 soustavy je \u010do\u010dka uvnit\u0159 oka, kter\u00e1 p\u0159edstavuje dopl\u0148kovou lomivou s\u00edlu o\u010dn\u00edho optick\u00e9ho apar\u00e1tu. Zm\u011bnou sv\u00e9ho tvaru umo\u017e\u0148uje \u010do\u010dka u mlad\u0161\u00edch lid\u00ed jemn\u00e9 doost\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159i pohledu na r\u016fzn\u00e9 vzd\u00e1lenosti.
\nProto, aby rovnob\u011b\u017en\u00e9 paprsky sv\u011btla p\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed do oka dopadaly po pr\u016fchodu jeho optickou soustavou p\u0159esn\u011b do m\u00edsta nejost\u0159ej\u0161\u00edho vid\u011bn\u00ed na s\u00edtnici, mus\u00ed b\u00fdt v oku zachov\u00e1n spr\u00e1vn\u00fd pom\u011br jeho d\u00e9lky a s\u00edly optick\u00e9 soustavy. \u0158ada d\u011bdi\u010dn\u00fdch a v\u00fdvojov\u00fdch faktor\u016f m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st ke struktur\u00e1ln\u00edmu nepom\u011bru. Je-li oko p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 dlouh\u00e9 nebo kr\u00e1tk\u00e9, dopadaj\u00ed zaost\u0159en\u00e9 sb\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00ed se paprsky mimo s\u00edtnici. Tato nevyv\u00e1\u017eenost se m\u016f\u017ee projevovat v podob\u011b dal\u0161\u00edch z\u00e1kladn\u00edch dioptrick\u00fdch vad.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column width=“1\/1″][vc_accordion][vc_accordion_tab title=“Kr\u00e1tkozrakost \u2013 myopie<\/strong> „][vc_column_text]Charakteristick\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edznaky<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kr\u00e1tkozrakost se projevuje t\u00edm, \u017ee bl\u00edzk\u00e9 objekty vid\u00edte bez probl\u00e9m\u016f, ale \u010dten\u00ed p\u00edsma na tabuli \u010di ukazatel\u016f na silnici V\u00e1m \u010din\u00ed pot\u00ed\u017ee.
\nMhou\u0159\u00edte o\u010di, abyste jasn\u011b vid\u011bli do d\u00e1lky? M\u00edj\u00edte sv\u00e9 p\u0159\u00e1tele na ulici, ani\u017e byste je poznali? P\u00ed\u0161e Va\u0161e d\u00edt\u011b s nosem nalepen\u00fdm na se\u0161it? Jestli\u017ee ano, jsou to prvn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edznaky myopie.<\/p>\n

P\u0159i kr\u00e1tkozrakosti je optick\u00e1 mohutnost rohovky a \u010do\u010dky v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e by odpov\u00eddalo d\u00e9lce oka. Sv\u011bteln\u00e9 paprsky proch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed optick\u00fdm apar\u00e1tem oka se st\u0159et\u00e1vaj\u00ed p\u0159ed s\u00edtnic\u00ed a obraz na n\u00ed je neostr\u00fd. Z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed tedy i na tvaru o\u010dn\u00ed bulvy, kter\u00e1 je v tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 dlouh\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Korekce<\/strong><\/p>\n

Myopie se koriguje tzv. \u201em\u00ednusov\u00fdmi\u201c skly, s jejich\u017e pomoc\u00ed je obraz p\u0159iv\u00e1d\u011bn na na s\u00edtnici, a tak je vn\u00edm\u00e1n ost\u0159e. Skla ur\u010den\u00e1 pro osoby trp\u00edc\u00ed myopi\u00ed jsou siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed na okraji, ne\u017e ne st\u0159edu. Rozd\u00edl v s\u00edle skel je t\u00edm v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed, \u010d\u00edm je myopie vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed. Toto ov\u0161em nen\u00ed d\u016fvod k obav\u00e1m, nebo\u0165 existuj\u00ed br\u00fdlov\u00e9 \u010do\u010dky st\u00e1le esteti\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a funk\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_accordion_tab][vc_accordion_tab title=“Dalekozrakost \u2013 hypermetropie<\/strong> „][vc_column_text]Charakteristick\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edznaky<\/strong><\/p>\n

Dalekozrakost se projevuje t\u00edm, \u017ee vzd\u00e1len\u00e9 objekty vid\u00edte bez probl\u00e9m\u016f, ale m\u00e1te probl\u00e9m zaost\u0159it na bli\u017e\u0161\u00ed p\u0159edm\u011bty. Dalekozrakost se t\u00e9\u017e odborn\u011b naz\u00fdv\u00e1 hypermetropie a hyperopie. Zp\u016fsobuje, \u017ee mus\u00edte vyv\u00edjet zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 \u00fasil\u00ed pro zaost\u0159en\u00ed na bli\u017e\u0161\u00ed p\u0159edm\u011bty.<\/p>\n

Pro korekci dalekozrakosti se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed konvexn\u00ed \u010do\u010dky (spojky). Spojky lom\u00ed sv\u011btlo v\u00edce a zaost\u0159uj\u00ed jej na s\u00edtnici. Pokud nem\u00e1te \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 jin\u00e9 probl\u00e9my, jako nap\u0159\u00edklad astigmatismus, m\u016f\u017eete nosit pouze br\u00fdle na \u010dten\u00ed. Komplexn\u00ed pravideln\u00e9 prohl\u00eddky zajist\u00ed, \u017ee budou zji\u0161t\u011bny a napraveny i mal\u00e9 zm\u011bny ve vid\u011bn\u00ed tak, aby V\u00e1\u0161 zrak byl st\u00e1le jasn\u00fd a ostr\u00fd.
\n\u00danava o\u010d\u00ed a bolest hlavy. P\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou t\u011bchto p\u0159\u00edznak\u016f b\u00fdv\u00e1 neust\u00e1l\u00e1 snaha o dokonalou akomodaci. Pot\u00ed\u017ee b\u00fdvaj\u00ed \u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ve\u010der a po pr\u00e1ci. Lehk\u00e1 hypermetropie prob\u00edh\u00e1 mnohdy nepozorovan\u011b a\u017e do 35 \u010di 40 let pacienta, proto\u017ee oko je\u0161t\u011b dok\u00e1\u017ee akomodovat natolik, aby vid\u011bn\u00fd obraz byl jasn\u00fd a nerozmazan\u00fd. Je-li tato vada v\u00fdrazn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, v\u0161imneme si j\u00ed pom\u011brn\u011b brzy u d\u011bt\u00ed. \u010casto b\u00fdv\u00e1 prov\u00e1zena \u0161ilhavost\u00ed, kterou je t\u0159eba velmi rychle odstranit.<\/p>\n

Korekce<\/strong><\/p>\n

Hypermetropie se koriguje tzv. \u201eplusov\u00fdmi\u201c skly, s jej\u00ed\u017e pomoc\u00ed je obraz p\u0159iv\u00e1d\u011bn na s\u00edtnici. T\u00edm se usnadn\u00ed akomodace a zabr\u00e1n\u00ed se tak \u00fanav\u011b o\u010d\u00ed a bolestem hlavy. Skla ur\u010den\u00e1 pro osoby trp\u00edc\u00ed hypermetropi\u00ed jsou siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ve st\u0159edu ne\u017e na okraji. Rozd\u00edl v s\u00edle skel je t\u00edm v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed, \u010d\u00edm je hypermetropie siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Toto ov\u0161em nen\u00ed d\u016fvod k obav\u00e1m, nebo\u0165 existuj\u00ed br\u00fdlov\u00e9 \u010do\u010dky st\u00e1le esteti\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a funk\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_accordion_tab][vc_accordion_tab title=“Vetchozrakost \u2013 presbyopie<\/strong>„][vc_column_text]Presbyopie se projevuje t\u00edm, \u017ee oko v ur\u010dit\u00e9m v\u011bku ztr\u00e1c\u00ed schopnost zaost\u0159it na bli\u017e\u0161\u00ed objekty. Tuto refrak\u010dn\u00ed vadu odborn\u00edci naz\u00fdvaj\u00ed presbyopie (odvozenina od \u0159eck\u00e9ho v\u00fdrazu pro „star\u00e9 oko“) nebo hezky \u010desky vetchozrakost. \u010cast\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edznakem jsou \u00fanava o\u010d\u00ed \u010di bolesti hlavy p\u0159i pr\u00e1ci nabl\u00edzko, jako je \u0161it\u00ed, pleten\u00ed nebo malov\u00e1n\u00ed. Presbyopie je spojena se st\u00e1rnut\u00edm a v ur\u010dit\u00e9m v\u011bku br\u00fdle za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed b\u00fdt nevyhnuteln\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Jak st\u00e1rneme, lidsk\u00e9 tk\u00e1n\u011b ztr\u00e1c\u00ed svoji elasticitu. Kdy\u017e st\u00e1rne poko\u017eka, ztr\u00e1c\u00ed elasticitu a d\u011blaj\u00ed se n\u00e1m vr\u00e1sky. Podobn\u011b, kdy\u017e \u010do\u010dka v na\u0161em oku ztrat\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st sv\u00e9 elasticity, zhor\u0161\u00ed se jej\u00ed schopnost m\u011bnit optickou mohutnost a zaost\u0159ovat na r\u016fzn\u011b vzd\u00e1len\u00e9 objekty. Ztr\u00e1ta elasticity je postupn\u00e1. Dlouho p\u0159ed t\u00edm ne\u017e si uv\u011bdom\u00edme, \u017ee n\u00e1m d\u011bl\u00e1 pot\u00ed\u017ee zaost\u0159it na bl\u00edzk\u00e9 p\u0159edm\u011bty, ji\u017e \u010do\u010dka za\u010dala ztr\u00e1cet schopnost se roz\u0161i\u0159ovat a zplo\u0161\u0165ovat. V posledn\u00ed dob\u011b se prosadil n\u00e1zor, \u017ee presbyopie je zp\u016fsobena prim\u00e1rn\u011b zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00edm objemu \u010do\u010dky, \u010d\u00edm\u017e doch\u00e1z\u00ed k uvoln\u011bn\u00ed sval\u016f, kter\u00e9 \u010do\u010dku p\u0159idr\u017euj\u00ed . T\u00edm je znemo\u017en\u011bna jejich funkce m\u011bnit tvar \u010do\u010dky.
\nObvykle se presbyopie koriguje p\u0159edeps\u00e1n\u00edm br\u00fdl\u00ed, kter\u00e9 \u010do\u010dce pomohou zaost\u0159it nabl\u00edzko. Br\u00fdle na \u010dten\u00ed pomohou efektivn\u011bji lomit paprsky sv\u011btla, aby se kompenzovala ztr\u00e1ta vid\u011bn\u00ed nabl\u00edzko. Pokud nem\u00e1te jin\u00e9 o\u010dn\u00ed vady, jako nap\u0159. kr\u00e1tkozrakost \u010di astigmatismus, budete pot\u0159ebovat pouze br\u00fdle na \u010dten\u00ed. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee se u V\u00e1s objevuje nap\u0159. kr\u00e1tkozrakost mohou V\u00e1m b\u00fdt p\u0159edeps\u00e1ny bifok\u00e1ln\u00ed \u010do\u010dky.<\/p>\n

Charakteristick\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edznaky<\/strong><\/p>\n

Va\u0161e pa\u017ee nejsou dost dlouh\u00e9 na to, abyste mohli \u010d\u00edst noviny, nebo se V\u00e1m Va\u0161e d\u011bti sm\u011bj\u00ed, kdy\u017e navl\u00e9k\u00e1te nit do jehly? Vyhled\u00e1v\u00e1te pro \u010dten\u00ed st\u00e1le v\u00edce sv\u011btla? Jestli\u017ee ano, pot\u00fdk\u00e1te se s prvn\u00edmi p\u0159\u00edznaky presbyopie.<\/p>\n

Korekce<\/strong><\/p>\n

Existuje n\u011bkolik druh\u016f korek\u010dn\u00edch skel. M\u00e1-li V\u00e1m odborn\u00edk dob\u0159e poradit s v\u00fdb\u011brem skel tak, aby spl\u0148ovala Va\u0161e o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed a vyhovovala Va\u0161i pot\u0159eb\u00e1m, mus\u00ed se zeptat na Va\u0161i \u010dinnost, jak profesn\u00ed, tak i z\u00e1jmovou. P\u0159esto\u017ee V\u00e1m v\u0161echny pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 br\u00fdlov\u00e9 \u010do\u010dky pro korekci presbyopie umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed vid\u011bt na bl\u00edzko jako d\u0159\u00edve, nemaj\u00ed stejn\u00e9 charakteristiky p\u0159i pohledu do d\u00e1lky. Toto ov\u0161em nen\u00ed d\u016fvod k obav\u00e1m, nebo\u0165 existuj\u00ed br\u00fdlov\u00e9 \u010do\u010dky st\u00e1le esteti\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a funk\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.
\nM\u016f\u017eete pou\u017e\u00edvat klasick\u00e9 br\u00fdle na \u010dten\u00ed, pracovn\u00ed br\u00fdle na bl\u00edzko a st\u0159edn\u00ed vzd\u00e1lenosti nebo multifok\u00e1ln\u00ed br\u00fdlov\u00e9 \u010do\u010dky.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_accordion_tab][vc_accordion_tab title=“Nepravideln\u00e9 zak\u0159iven\u00ed rohovky \u2013 astigmatismus<\/strong>„][vc_column_text]Pokud m\u00e1te zkreslen\u00fd nebo zaml\u017een\u00fd obraz na libovolnou vzd\u00e1lenost, m\u016f\u017ee t\u00edm u V\u00e1s projevovat astigmatismus. I v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee Va\u0161e vid\u011bn\u00ed je celkem ostr\u00e9, ale poci\u0165ujete bolesti hlavy, \u00fanavu, mhou\u0159en\u00ed \u010di podr\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed o\u010d\u00ed, m\u016f\u017ee to b\u00fdt zn\u00e1mka slab\u00e9ho astigmatismu. P\u0159\u00edtomnost astigmatismu ov\u011b\u0159\u00ed o\u010dn\u00ed prohl\u00eddka, v\u010detn\u011b testu vid\u011bn\u00ed nabl\u00edzko i do d\u00e1lky.<\/p>\n

Astigmatismus je jedna z refrak\u010dn\u00edch vad. Refrak\u010dn\u00ed vady zp\u016fsobuj\u00ed nep\u0159esn\u00e9 zaost\u0159en\u00ed sv\u011btla na s\u00edtnici. Astigmatismus se \u010dasto vyskytuje spolu s kr\u00e1tkozrakost\u00ed nebo dalekozrakost\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Charakteristick\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edznaky<\/strong><\/p>\n

Pacient trp\u00edc\u00ed astigmatismem zam\u011b\u0148uje podobn\u00e9 si znaky, jako p\u00edsmena H, M nebo A nebo tak\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslice 8 a 0. Astigmatismus samostatn\u00fd, nebo v kombinaci s myopi\u00ed nebo hypermetropi\u00ed vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 \u00fanavu o\u010d\u00ed a bolesti hlavy.<\/p>\n

Korekce<\/strong><\/p>\n

Astigmatismus se koriguje pomoc\u00ed torick\u00fdch korek\u010dn\u00edch \u010do\u010dek, jejich\u017e zak\u0159iven\u00ed vyrovn\u00e1v\u00e1 nepravidelnosti zak\u0159iven\u00ed rohovky. Dioptrick\u00e1 hodnota korek\u010dn\u00edch \u010do\u010dek proto nen\u00ed stejn\u00e1 po cel\u00e9m jejich povrchu. Rozd\u00edl v dioptrick\u00e9 hodnot\u011b je t\u00edm v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed, \u010d\u00edm vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed je astigmatick\u00e1 vada. Toto ov\u0161em nen\u00ed d\u016fvod k obav\u00e1m, nebo\u0165 existuj\u00ed br\u00fdlov\u00e9 \u010do\u010dky st\u00e1le esteti\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a funk\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_accordion_tab][\/vc_accordion][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column width=“1\/1″][vc_separator][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text] Charakteristika z\u00e1kladn\u00edch o\u010dn\u00edch vad   Oko je optick\u00fd syst\u00e9m velmi podobn\u00fd fotografick\u00e9mu p\u0159\u00edstroji. Pr\u016fhledn\u00e1 rohovka, kter\u00e1 tvo\u0159\u00ed p\u0159edn\u00ed plochu oka, je hlavn\u00ed lomivou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed tohoto optick\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu. Dal\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed optick\u00e9 soustavy je \u010do\u010dka uvnit\u0159 oka, kter\u00e1 p\u0159edstavuje dopl\u0148kovou lomivou s\u00edlu o\u010dn\u00edho optick\u00e9ho apar\u00e1tu. Zm\u011bnou sv\u00e9ho tvaru umo\u017e\u0148uje \u010do\u010dka u mlad\u0161\u00edch lid\u00ed jemn\u00e9 doost\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159i […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-281","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nZrakov\u00e9 Vady | O\u010dn\u00ed Centrum Vidum, Opava<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"P\u0159e\u010dt\u011bte si jak o\u010dn\u00ed vady jako je kr\u00e1tkozrakost, dalekozrakost, vetchozrakost \u010di astigmatismus projevuj\u00ed a vznikaj\u00ed. 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